不同性別地區戶籍性質麻疹病例流行特征比較分析

COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF EPIDEMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MEASLES CASES WITH DIFFERENT SEXES, AREAS AND CENSUS REGISTERS IN GUANGZHOU

作者：云雪霞；許建雄；梁建華；譚慧峰

機構：廣州市疾病預防控制中心

【摘要】 目的 比較分析廣州市不同性別、地區及不同戶籍性質麻疹病例的某些流行特征， 為麻疹防制提供科學依據。 方法 利用麻疹疫情監測系統數據及廣州市制訂的《疑似麻疹病例個案補充調查表》資料，抽取廣州市2007年1～11月12個區（縣級市）麻疹病例個案調查資料，比較分析不同性別、地區、不同戶籍性質麻疹病例的年齡構成、并發癥、免疫史、接觸史等各項指標。 結果 不同性別病例之間發病特征存在一定差異，男性多于女性且發病年齡早于女性（P﹤0.05）；流動人口病例發病的平均年齡早于非流動病例（P﹤0.05），其8月齡～14歲的病例所占比例高于非流動病例（P﹤0.05），而有免疫史的比例及完成全程免疫的比例比非流動人口明顯偏低（P﹤0.05），完成全程免疫病例所占比例二者均較低（8.67%）；農區與城區病例比較可見，農區并發癥的發生率高于城區（P﹤0.05），其8月齡～14歲兒童病例所占比例遠大于城區（P﹤0.05），而城區病例有接觸史的比例高于農區（P﹤0.05）。 結論 流動人口仍舊是麻疹控制的薄弱環節，今后需不斷地加強對其管理；農區免疫工作的質量總體比城區略差，各級衛生行政部門及衛生機構應提高重視；提示加強對重點人群的管理，提高全程接種的覆蓋率，加強對麻疹疫苗每一劑次接種后免疫成功率的監測，均是控制麻疹發病的重要手段。

【Abstract】Objective To compare and analyze epidemic characteristics of measles cases with different sexes, areas and census registers in Guangzhou. To offer the scientific basis for measles control. Methods The data of epidemic situation monitor system and “doubtful measles cases individual case schedule table” were used, and the cases in 2007 were drew to compare and analyze the age composition, complication, immunization history, contact history between among measles cases with different sexes, areas and census registers. Results There was difference between the cases with different sexes. Male patients were more than female, and age of onset of male was earlier than female. The mean age of onset of nomadic population were earlier than non- nomadic population（P﹤0.05）, the cases of 8 months-14 years were more than non- nomadic population（P﹤0.05）, the ratios of having immunization history and completing whole range immunization were lower than non-nomadic population （ P ﹤ 0.05）. The incidence of complication in suburb was higher than in city （ P ﹤ 0.05）. The cases of 8 months-14 years were more in suburb than in city （P﹤ 0.05）, but the cases which had contact history in suburb were lower than in city. Conclusion Nomadic population are still the weak link of the control of measles, we should strengthen management endlessly. The quality of the immunization work in suburb is worse than in city. Medical administrative department should pay more attention. Strengthening the management to some groups, raising the fraction of coverage, strengthening the surveillance of immunization achievement ratio after every inoculation are the important methods to control the measles.

【關鍵詞】 地區；戶籍； 麻疹； 流行特征

【Key words】 Areas; Census register; Measles; Epidemic characteristics

中文刊名：現代預防醫學，2009年 07期

中圖分類號： R511.1      文獻標識碼： A      文章編號： 1003-8507（2009）07-1211-03