JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association（《美國醫協會雜志》）于2010年3月10日發表了一篇文章，是關于在美國一社區進行的，以隨機試驗的方法，研究流感疫苗的接種對兒童感染率的影響，感興趣的朋友們可以到以下網址查看原文：http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/303/10/943

Effect of Influenza Vaccination of Children on Infection Rates in Hutterite Communities

作者：Mark Loeb, MD, MSc; Margaret L. Russell, MD, PhD; Lorraine Moss, BSc; Kevin Fonseca, PhD; Julie Fox, PhD; David J. D. Earn, PhD; Fred Aoki, MD; Gregory Horsman, MD; Paul Van Caeseele, MD; Khami Chokani, MD; Mark Vooght, MD; Lorne Babiuk, PhD; Richard Webby, PhD; Stephen D. Walter, PhD

ABSTRACT

Context   Children and adolescents appear to play an important role in the transmission of influenza. Selectively vaccinating youngsters against influenza may interrupt virus transmission and protect those not immunized.

Objective   To assess whether vaccinating children and adolescents with inactivated influenza vaccine could prevent influenza in other community members.

Design, Setting, and Participants   A cluster randomized trial involving 947 Canadian children and adolescents aged 36 months to 15 years who received study vaccine and 2326 community members who did not receive the study vaccine in 49 Hutterite colonies in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Follow-up began December 28, 2008, and ended June 23, 2009.

Intervention   Children were randomly assigned according to community and in a blinded manner to receive standard dosing of either inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine or hepatitis A vaccine, which was used as a control.

Main Outcome Measures   Confirmed influenza A and B infection using a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and by measuring serum hemagglutination inhibition titers.

Results   The mean rate of study vaccine coverage among eligible participants was 83% (range, 53%-100%) for the influenza vaccine colonies and 79% (range, 50%-100%) for the hepatitis A vaccine colonies. Among nonrecipients, 39 of 1271 (3.1%) in the influenza vaccine colonies and 80 of 1055 (7.6%) in the hepatitis A vaccine colonies had influenza illness confirmed by RT-PCR, for a protective effectiveness of 61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8%-83%; P = .03). Among all study participants (those who were and those who were not vaccinated), 80 of 1773 (4.5%) in the influenza vaccine colonies and 159 of 1500 (10.6%) in the hepatitis A vaccine colonies had influenza illness confirmed by RT-PCR for an overall protective effectiveness of 59% (95% CI, 5%-82%; P = .04). No serious vaccine adverse events were observed.

Conclusion   Immunizing children and adolescents with inactivated influenza vaccine significantly protected unimmunized residents of rural communities against influenza.

Trial Registration   clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00877396; isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN15363571

JAMA. 2010;303(10):943-950.

（編輯：劉鵬達）